section ‹Continuity and iterations›
theory Order_Continuity
imports Complex_Main Countable_Complete_Lattices
begin
lemma SUP_nat_binary:
"(SUP n::nat. if n = 0 then A else B) = (sup A B::'a::countable_complete_lattice)"
apply (auto intro!: antisym ccSUP_least)
apply (rule ccSUP_upper2[where i=0])
apply simp_all
apply (rule ccSUP_upper2[where i=1])
apply simp_all
done
lemma INF_nat_binary:
"(INF n::nat. if n = 0 then A else B) = (inf A B::'a::countable_complete_lattice)"
apply (auto intro!: antisym ccINF_greatest)
apply (rule ccINF_lower2[where i=0])
apply simp_all
apply (rule ccINF_lower2[where i=1])
apply simp_all
done
text ‹
The name ‹continuous› is already taken in ‹Complex_Main›, so we use
‹sup_continuous› and ‹inf_continuous›. These names appear sometimes in literature
and have the advantage that these names are duals.
›
named_theorems order_continuous_intros
subsection ‹Continuity for complete lattices›
definition
sup_continuous :: "('a::countable_complete_lattice ⇒ 'b::countable_complete_lattice) ⇒ bool"
where
"sup_continuous F ⟷ (∀M::nat ⇒ 'a. mono M ⟶ F (SUP i. M i) = (SUP i. F (M i)))"
lemma sup_continuousD: "sup_continuous F ⟹ mono M ⟹ F (SUP i::nat. M i) = (SUP i. F (M i))"
by (auto simp: sup_continuous_def)
lemma sup_continuous_mono:
assumes [simp]: "sup_continuous F" shows "mono F"
proof
fix A B :: "'a" assume [simp]: "A ≤ B"
have "F B = F (SUP n::nat. if n = 0 then A else B)"
by (simp add: sup_absorb2 SUP_nat_binary)
also have "… = (SUP n::nat. if n = 0 then F A else F B)"
by (auto simp: sup_continuousD mono_def intro!: SUP_cong)
finally show "F A ≤ F B"
by (simp add: SUP_nat_binary le_iff_sup)
qed
lemma [order_continuous_intros]:
shows sup_continuous_const: "sup_continuous (λx. c)"
and sup_continuous_id: "sup_continuous (λx. x)"
and sup_continuous_apply: "sup_continuous (λf. f x)"
and sup_continuous_fun: "(⋀s. sup_continuous (λx. P x s)) ⟹ sup_continuous P"
and sup_continuous_If: "sup_continuous F ⟹ sup_continuous G ⟹ sup_continuous (λf. if C then F f else G f)"
by (auto simp: sup_continuous_def)
lemma sup_continuous_compose:
assumes f: "sup_continuous f" and g: "sup_continuous g"
shows "sup_continuous (λx. f (g x))"
unfolding sup_continuous_def
proof safe
fix M :: "nat ⇒ 'c"
assume M: "mono M"
then have "mono (λi. g (M i))"
using sup_continuous_mono[OF g] by (auto simp: mono_def)
with M show "f (g (SUPREMUM UNIV M)) = (SUP i. f (g (M i)))"
by (auto simp: sup_continuous_def g[THEN sup_continuousD] f[THEN sup_continuousD])
qed
lemma sup_continuous_sup[order_continuous_intros]:
"sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous g ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. sup (f x) (g x))"
by (simp add: sup_continuous_def ccSUP_sup_distrib)
lemma sup_continuous_inf[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes P Q :: "'a :: countable_complete_lattice ⇒ 'b :: countable_complete_distrib_lattice"
assumes P: "sup_continuous P" and Q: "sup_continuous Q"
shows "sup_continuous (λx. inf (P x) (Q x))"
unfolding sup_continuous_def
proof (safe intro!: antisym)
fix M :: "nat ⇒ 'a" assume M: "incseq M"
have "inf (P (SUP i. M i)) (Q (SUP i. M i)) ≤ (SUP j i. inf (P (M i)) (Q (M j)))"
by (simp add: sup_continuousD[OF P M] sup_continuousD[OF Q M] inf_ccSUP ccSUP_inf)
also have "… ≤ (SUP i. inf (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))"
proof (intro ccSUP_least)
fix i j from M assms[THEN sup_continuous_mono] show "inf (P (M i)) (Q (M j)) ≤ (SUP i. inf (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))"
by (intro ccSUP_upper2[of _ "sup i j"] inf_mono) (auto simp: mono_def)
qed auto
finally show "inf (P (SUP i. M i)) (Q (SUP i. M i)) ≤ (SUP i. inf (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))" .
show "(SUP i. inf (P (M i)) (Q (M i))) ≤ inf (P (SUP i. M i)) (Q (SUP i. M i))"
unfolding sup_continuousD[OF P M] sup_continuousD[OF Q M] by (intro ccSUP_least inf_mono ccSUP_upper) auto
qed
lemma sup_continuous_and[order_continuous_intros]:
"sup_continuous P ⟹ sup_continuous Q ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. P x ∧ Q x)"
using sup_continuous_inf[of P Q] by simp
lemma sup_continuous_or[order_continuous_intros]:
"sup_continuous P ⟹ sup_continuous Q ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. P x ∨ Q x)"
by (auto simp: sup_continuous_def)
lemma sup_continuous_lfp:
assumes "sup_continuous F" shows "lfp F = (SUP i. (F ^^ i) bot)" (is "lfp F = ?U")
proof (rule antisym)
note mono = sup_continuous_mono[OF ‹sup_continuous F›]
show "?U ≤ lfp F"
proof (rule SUP_least)
fix i show "(F ^^ i) bot ≤ lfp F"
proof (induct i)
case (Suc i)
have "(F ^^ Suc i) bot = F ((F ^^ i) bot)" by simp
also have "… ≤ F (lfp F)" by (rule monoD[OF mono Suc])
also have "… = lfp F" by (simp add: lfp_fixpoint[OF mono])
finally show ?case .
qed simp
qed
show "lfp F ≤ ?U"
proof (rule lfp_lowerbound)
have "mono (λi::nat. (F ^^ i) bot)"
proof -
{ fix i::nat have "(F ^^ i) bot ≤ (F ^^ (Suc i)) bot"
proof (induct i)
case 0 show ?case by simp
next
case Suc thus ?case using monoD[OF mono Suc] by auto
qed }
thus ?thesis by (auto simp add: mono_iff_le_Suc)
qed
hence "F ?U = (SUP i. (F ^^ Suc i) bot)"
using ‹sup_continuous F› by (simp add: sup_continuous_def)
also have "… ≤ ?U"
by (fast intro: SUP_least SUP_upper)
finally show "F ?U ≤ ?U" .
qed
qed
lemma lfp_transfer_bounded:
assumes P: "P bot" "⋀x. P x ⟹ P (f x)" "⋀M. (⋀i. P (M i)) ⟹ P (SUP i::nat. M i)"
assumes α: "⋀M. mono M ⟹ (⋀i::nat. P (M i)) ⟹ α (SUP i. M i) = (SUP i. α (M i))"
assumes f: "sup_continuous f" and g: "sup_continuous g"
assumes [simp]: "⋀x. P x ⟹ x ≤ lfp f ⟹ α (f x) = g (α x)"
assumes g_bound: "⋀x. α bot ≤ g x"
shows "α (lfp f) = lfp g"
proof (rule antisym)
note mono_g = sup_continuous_mono[OF g]
note mono_f = sup_continuous_mono[OF f]
have lfp_bound: "α bot ≤ lfp g"
by (subst lfp_unfold[OF mono_g]) (rule g_bound)
have P_pow: "P ((f ^^ i) bot)" for i
by (induction i) (auto intro!: P)
have incseq_pow: "mono (λi. (f ^^ i) bot)"
unfolding mono_iff_le_Suc
proof
fix i show "(f ^^ i) bot ≤ (f ^^ (Suc i)) bot"
proof (induct i)
case Suc thus ?case using monoD[OF sup_continuous_mono[OF f] Suc] by auto
qed (simp add: le_fun_def)
qed
have P_lfp: "P (lfp f)"
using P_pow unfolding sup_continuous_lfp[OF f] by (auto intro!: P)
have iter_le_lfp: "(f ^^ n) bot ≤ lfp f" for n
apply (induction n)
apply simp
apply (subst lfp_unfold[OF mono_f])
apply (auto intro!: monoD[OF mono_f])
done
have "α (lfp f) = (SUP i. α ((f^^i) bot))"
unfolding sup_continuous_lfp[OF f] using incseq_pow P_pow by (rule α)
also have "… ≤ lfp g"
proof (rule SUP_least)
fix i show "α ((f^^i) bot) ≤ lfp g"
proof (induction i)
case (Suc n) then show ?case
by (subst lfp_unfold[OF mono_g]) (simp add: monoD[OF mono_g] P_pow iter_le_lfp)
qed (simp add: lfp_bound)
qed
finally show "α (lfp f) ≤ lfp g" .
show "lfp g ≤ α (lfp f)"
proof (induction rule: lfp_ordinal_induct[OF mono_g])
case (1 S) then show ?case
by (subst lfp_unfold[OF sup_continuous_mono[OF f]])
(simp add: monoD[OF mono_g] P_lfp)
qed (auto intro: Sup_least)
qed
lemma lfp_transfer:
"sup_continuous α ⟹ sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous g ⟹
(⋀x. α bot ≤ g x) ⟹ (⋀x. x ≤ lfp f ⟹ α (f x) = g (α x)) ⟹ α (lfp f) = lfp g"
by (rule lfp_transfer_bounded[where P=top]) (auto dest: sup_continuousD)
definition
inf_continuous :: "('a::countable_complete_lattice ⇒ 'b::countable_complete_lattice) ⇒ bool"
where
"inf_continuous F ⟷ (∀M::nat ⇒ 'a. antimono M ⟶ F (INF i. M i) = (INF i. F (M i)))"
lemma inf_continuousD: "inf_continuous F ⟹ antimono M ⟹ F (INF i::nat. M i) = (INF i. F (M i))"
by (auto simp: inf_continuous_def)
lemma inf_continuous_mono:
assumes [simp]: "inf_continuous F" shows "mono F"
proof
fix A B :: "'a" assume [simp]: "A ≤ B"
have "F A = F (INF n::nat. if n = 0 then B else A)"
by (simp add: inf_absorb2 INF_nat_binary)
also have "… = (INF n::nat. if n = 0 then F B else F A)"
by (auto simp: inf_continuousD antimono_def intro!: INF_cong)
finally show "F A ≤ F B"
by (simp add: INF_nat_binary le_iff_inf inf_commute)
qed
lemma [order_continuous_intros]:
shows inf_continuous_const: "inf_continuous (λx. c)"
and inf_continuous_id: "inf_continuous (λx. x)"
and inf_continuous_apply: "inf_continuous (λf. f x)"
and inf_continuous_fun: "(⋀s. inf_continuous (λx. P x s)) ⟹ inf_continuous P"
and inf_continuous_If: "inf_continuous F ⟹ inf_continuous G ⟹ inf_continuous (λf. if C then F f else G f)"
by (auto simp: inf_continuous_def)
lemma inf_continuous_inf[order_continuous_intros]:
"inf_continuous f ⟹ inf_continuous g ⟹ inf_continuous (λx. inf (f x) (g x))"
by (simp add: inf_continuous_def ccINF_inf_distrib)
lemma inf_continuous_sup[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes P Q :: "'a :: countable_complete_lattice ⇒ 'b :: countable_complete_distrib_lattice"
assumes P: "inf_continuous P" and Q: "inf_continuous Q"
shows "inf_continuous (λx. sup (P x) (Q x))"
unfolding inf_continuous_def
proof (safe intro!: antisym)
fix M :: "nat ⇒ 'a" assume M: "decseq M"
show "sup (P (INF i. M i)) (Q (INF i. M i)) ≤ (INF i. sup (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))"
unfolding inf_continuousD[OF P M] inf_continuousD[OF Q M] by (intro ccINF_greatest sup_mono ccINF_lower) auto
have "(INF i. sup (P (M i)) (Q (M i))) ≤ (INF j i. sup (P (M i)) (Q (M j)))"
proof (intro ccINF_greatest)
fix i j from M assms[THEN inf_continuous_mono] show "sup (P (M i)) (Q (M j)) ≥ (INF i. sup (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))"
by (intro ccINF_lower2[of _ "sup i j"] sup_mono) (auto simp: mono_def antimono_def)
qed auto
also have "… ≤ sup (P (INF i. M i)) (Q (INF i. M i))"
by (simp add: inf_continuousD[OF P M] inf_continuousD[OF Q M] ccINF_sup sup_ccINF)
finally show "sup (P (INF i. M i)) (Q (INF i. M i)) ≥ (INF i. sup (P (M i)) (Q (M i)))" .
qed
lemma inf_continuous_and[order_continuous_intros]:
"inf_continuous P ⟹ inf_continuous Q ⟹ inf_continuous (λx. P x ∧ Q x)"
using inf_continuous_inf[of P Q] by simp
lemma inf_continuous_or[order_continuous_intros]:
"inf_continuous P ⟹ inf_continuous Q ⟹ inf_continuous (λx. P x ∨ Q x)"
using inf_continuous_sup[of P Q] by simp
lemma inf_continuous_compose:
assumes f: "inf_continuous f" and g: "inf_continuous g"
shows "inf_continuous (λx. f (g x))"
unfolding inf_continuous_def
proof safe
fix M :: "nat ⇒ 'c"
assume M: "antimono M"
then have "antimono (λi. g (M i))"
using inf_continuous_mono[OF g] by (auto simp: mono_def antimono_def)
with M show "f (g (INFIMUM UNIV M)) = (INF i. f (g (M i)))"
by (auto simp: inf_continuous_def g[THEN inf_continuousD] f[THEN inf_continuousD])
qed
lemma inf_continuous_gfp:
assumes "inf_continuous F" shows "gfp F = (INF i. (F ^^ i) top)" (is "gfp F = ?U")
proof (rule antisym)
note mono = inf_continuous_mono[OF ‹inf_continuous F›]
show "gfp F ≤ ?U"
proof (rule INF_greatest)
fix i show "gfp F ≤ (F ^^ i) top"
proof (induct i)
case (Suc i)
have "gfp F = F (gfp F)" by (simp add: gfp_fixpoint[OF mono])
also have "… ≤ F ((F ^^ i) top)" by (rule monoD[OF mono Suc])
also have "… = (F ^^ Suc i) top" by simp
finally show ?case .
qed simp
qed
show "?U ≤ gfp F"
proof (rule gfp_upperbound)
have *: "antimono (λi::nat. (F ^^ i) top)"
proof -
{ fix i::nat have "(F ^^ Suc i) top ≤ (F ^^ i) top"
proof (induct i)
case 0 show ?case by simp
next
case Suc thus ?case using monoD[OF mono Suc] by auto
qed }
thus ?thesis by (auto simp add: antimono_iff_le_Suc)
qed
have "?U ≤ (INF i. (F ^^ Suc i) top)"
by (fast intro: INF_greatest INF_lower)
also have "… ≤ F ?U"
by (simp add: inf_continuousD ‹inf_continuous F› *)
finally show "?U ≤ F ?U" .
qed
qed
lemma gfp_transfer:
assumes α: "inf_continuous α" and f: "inf_continuous f" and g: "inf_continuous g"
assumes [simp]: "α top = top" "⋀x. α (f x) = g (α x)"
shows "α (gfp f) = gfp g"
proof -
have "α (gfp f) = (INF i. α ((f^^i) top))"
unfolding inf_continuous_gfp[OF f] by (intro f α inf_continuousD antimono_funpow inf_continuous_mono)
moreover have "α ((f^^i) top) = (g^^i) top" for i
by (induction i; simp)
ultimately show ?thesis
unfolding inf_continuous_gfp[OF g] by simp
qed
lemma gfp_transfer_bounded:
assumes P: "P (f top)" "⋀x. P x ⟹ P (f x)" "⋀M. antimono M ⟹ (⋀i. P (M i)) ⟹ P (INF i::nat. M i)"
assumes α: "⋀M. antimono M ⟹ (⋀i::nat. P (M i)) ⟹ α (INF i. M i) = (INF i. α (M i))"
assumes f: "inf_continuous f" and g: "inf_continuous g"
assumes [simp]: "⋀x. P x ⟹ α (f x) = g (α x)"
assumes g_bound: "⋀x. g x ≤ α (f top)"
shows "α (gfp f) = gfp g"
proof (rule antisym)
note mono_g = inf_continuous_mono[OF g]
have P_pow: "P ((f ^^ i) (f top))" for i
by (induction i) (auto intro!: P)
have antimono_pow: "antimono (λi. (f ^^ i) top)"
unfolding antimono_iff_le_Suc
proof
fix i show "(f ^^ Suc i) top ≤ (f ^^ i) top"
proof (induct i)
case Suc thus ?case using monoD[OF inf_continuous_mono[OF f] Suc] by auto
qed (simp add: le_fun_def)
qed
have antimono_pow2: "antimono (λi. (f ^^ i) (f top))"
proof
show "x ≤ y ⟹ (f ^^ y) (f top) ≤ (f ^^ x) (f top)" for x y
using antimono_pow[THEN antimonoD, of "Suc x" "Suc y"]
unfolding funpow_Suc_right by simp
qed
have gfp_f: "gfp f = (INF i. (f ^^ i) (f top))"
unfolding inf_continuous_gfp[OF f]
proof (rule INF_eq)
show "∃j∈UNIV. (f ^^ j) (f top) ≤ (f ^^ i) top" for i
by (intro bexI[of _ "i - 1"]) (auto simp: diff_Suc funpow_Suc_right simp del: funpow.simps(2) split: nat.split)
show "∃j∈UNIV. (f ^^ j) top ≤ (f ^^ i) (f top)" for i
by (intro bexI[of _ "Suc i"]) (auto simp: funpow_Suc_right simp del: funpow.simps(2))
qed
have P_lfp: "P (gfp f)"
unfolding gfp_f by (auto intro!: P P_pow antimono_pow2)
have "α (gfp f) = (INF i. α ((f^^i) (f top)))"
unfolding gfp_f by (rule α) (auto intro!: P_pow antimono_pow2)
also have "… ≥ gfp g"
proof (rule INF_greatest)
fix i show "gfp g ≤ α ((f^^i) (f top))"
proof (induction i)
case (Suc n) then show ?case
by (subst gfp_unfold[OF mono_g]) (simp add: monoD[OF mono_g] P_pow)
next
case 0
have "gfp g ≤ α (f top)"
by (subst gfp_unfold[OF mono_g]) (rule g_bound)
then show ?case
by simp
qed
qed
finally show "gfp g ≤ α (gfp f)" .
show "α (gfp f) ≤ gfp g"
proof (induction rule: gfp_ordinal_induct[OF mono_g])
case (1 S) then show ?case
by (subst gfp_unfold[OF inf_continuous_mono[OF f]])
(simp add: monoD[OF mono_g] P_lfp)
qed (auto intro: Inf_greatest)
qed
subsubsection ‹Least fixed points in countable complete lattices›
definition (in countable_complete_lattice) cclfp :: "('a ⇒ 'a) ⇒ 'a"
where "cclfp f = (SUP i. (f ^^ i) bot)"
lemma cclfp_unfold:
assumes "sup_continuous F" shows "cclfp F = F (cclfp F)"
proof -
have "cclfp F = (SUP i. F ((F ^^ i) bot))"
unfolding cclfp_def by (subst UNIV_nat_eq) auto
also have "… = F (cclfp F)"
unfolding cclfp_def
by (intro sup_continuousD[symmetric] assms mono_funpow sup_continuous_mono)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma cclfp_lowerbound: assumes f: "mono f" and A: "f A ≤ A" shows "cclfp f ≤ A"
unfolding cclfp_def
proof (intro ccSUP_least)
fix i show "(f ^^ i) bot ≤ A"
proof (induction i)
case (Suc i) from monoD[OF f this] A show ?case
by auto
qed simp
qed simp
lemma cclfp_transfer:
assumes "sup_continuous α" "mono f"
assumes "α bot = bot" "⋀x. α (f x) = g (α x)"
shows "α (cclfp f) = cclfp g"
proof -
have "α (cclfp f) = (SUP i. α ((f ^^ i) bot))"
unfolding cclfp_def by (intro sup_continuousD assms mono_funpow sup_continuous_mono)
moreover have "α ((f ^^ i) bot) = (g ^^ i) bot" for i
by (induction i) (simp_all add: assms)
ultimately show ?thesis
by (simp add: cclfp_def)
qed
end