Certification Problem                    
                
Input (COPS 802)
We consider the TRS containing the following rules:
| 
f(a,b,x) | 
→ | 
f(x,x,x) | 
(1) | 
| a | 
→ | 
c | 
(2) | 
The underlying signature is as follows:
{f/3, a/0, b/0, c/0}Property / Task
Prove or disprove confluence.Answer / Result
No.Proof (by csi @ CoCo 2021)
1 Non-Joinable Fork
        The system is not confluent due to the following forking derivations.  
        
| t0
 | 
= | 
f(a,b,f4) | 
 | 
→
 | 
f(c,b,f4) | 
 | 
= | 
t1
 | 
| t0
 | 
= | 
f(a,b,f4) | 
 | 
→
 | 
f(f4,f4,f4) | 
 | 
= | 
t1
 | 
            
        The two resulting terms cannot be joined for the following reason:
        - 
        The reachable terms of these two terms are approximated via the following two tree automata,
        and the tree automata have an empty intersection.
        
- 
Automaton 1
- 
final states:
{1}
 
- 
transitions:
| 
f(4,3,2) | 
→ | 
1 | 
| f4 | 
→ | 
2 | 
| b | 
→ | 
3 | 
| c | 
→ | 
4 | 
 
                The automaton is closed under rewriting as it is compatible.
             
- 
Automaton 2
- 
final states:
{5}
 
- 
transitions:
| 
f(8,7,6) | 
→ | 
5 | 
| f4 | 
→ | 
6 | 
| f4 | 
→ | 
7 | 
| f4 | 
→ | 
8 | 
 
                The automaton is closed under rewriting as it is compatible.