Certification Problem                    
                
Input (COPS 717)
We consider the TRS containing the following rules:
| a | 
→ | 
c | 
(1) | 
| 
f(f(c)) | 
→ | 
h(a,h(h(c,c),b)) | 
(2) | 
| 
f(f(a)) | 
→ | 
b | 
(3) | 
| b | 
→ | 
f(f(b)) | 
(4) | 
The underlying signature is as follows:
{a/0, c/0, f/1, h/2, b/0}Property / Task
Prove or disprove confluence.Answer / Result
No.Proof (by csi @ CoCo 2022)
1 Non-Joinable Fork
        The system is not confluent due to the following forking derivations.  
        
| t0
 | 
= | 
f(f(a)) | 
 | 
→
 | 
f(f(c)) | 
 | 
= | 
t1
 | 
            
        The two resulting terms cannot be joined for the following reason:
        - 
        The reachable terms of these two terms are approximated via the following two tree automata,
        and the tree automata have an empty intersection.
        
- 
Automaton 1
- 
final states:
{1}
 
- 
transitions:
| 
f(25) | 
→ | 
6 | 
| 
f(3) | 
→ | 
1 | 
| 
f(2) | 
→ | 
3 | 
| 
f(6) | 
→ | 
25 | 
| b | 
→ | 
6 | 
| c | 
→ | 
2 | 
| c | 
→ | 
9 | 
| a | 
→ | 
9 | 
| 
h(7,6) | 
→ | 
8 | 
| 
h(9,8) | 
→ | 
1 | 
| 
h(2,2) | 
→ | 
7 | 
 
                The automaton is closed under rewriting as it is compatible.
             
- 
Automaton 2
- 
final states:
{4}
 
- 
transitions:
| 
f(10) | 
→ | 
4 | 
| 
f(4) | 
→ | 
10 | 
| b | 
→ | 
4 | 
 
                The automaton is closed under rewriting as it is compatible.