Certification Problem

Input (COPS 1132)

We consider the TRS containing the following rules:

b(x) c(d(x)) (1)
d(x) c(b(x)) (2)
c(x) b(d(x)) (3)
b(x) c(d(x)) (1)
a(x) a(b(x)) (4)
a(x) b(c(x)) (5)

The underlying signature is as follows:

{b/1, c/1, d/1, a/1}

Property / Task

Prove or disprove confluence.

Answer / Result

No.

Proof (by ACP @ CoCo 2023)

1 Non-Joinable Fork

The system is not confluent due to the following forking derivations.

t0 = a(c_1)
a(b(c_1))
b(c(b(c_1)))
= t2

t0 = a(c_1)
b(c(c_1))
= t1

The two resulting terms cannot be joined for the following reason: