YES(?,O(n^2)) Problem: concat(leaf(),Y) -> Y concat(cons(U,V),Y) -> cons(U,concat(V,Y)) lessleaves(X,leaf()) -> false() lessleaves(leaf(),cons(W,Z)) -> true() lessleaves(cons(U,V),cons(W,Z)) -> lessleaves(concat(U,V),concat(W,Z)) Proof: Matrix Interpretation Processor: dimension: 2 interpretation: [0] [true] = [0], [0 ] [false] = [12], [1 4] [1 0] [0 ] [lessleaves](x0, x1) = [0 1]x0 + [0 0]x1 + [12], [1 8] [7] [cons](x0, x1) = [0 1]x0 + x1 + [4], [1 1] [4] [concat](x0, x1) = [0 1]x0 + x1 + [4], [6] [leaf] = [2] orientation: [12] concat(leaf(),Y) = Y + [6 ] >= Y = Y [1 9] [1 1] [15] [1 8] [1 1] [11] concat(cons(U,V),Y) = [0 1]U + [0 1]V + Y + [8 ] >= [0 1]U + [0 1]V + Y + [8 ] = cons(U,concat(V,Y)) [1 4] [6 ] [0 ] lessleaves(X,leaf()) = [0 1]X + [12] >= [12] = false() [1 8] [1 0] [21] [0] lessleaves(leaf(),cons(W,Z)) = [0 0]W + [0 0]Z + [14] >= [0] = true() [1 12] [1 4] [1 8] [1 0] [30] [1 5] [1 4] [1 1] [1 0] [24] lessleaves(cons(U,V),cons(W,Z)) = [0 1 ]U + [0 1]V + [0 0]W + [0 0]Z + [16] >= [0 1]U + [0 1]V + [0 0]W + [0 0]Z + [16] = lessleaves(concat(U,V),concat(W,Z)) problem: Qed